An Unbiased View of KGW Crystal
An Unbiased View of KGW Crystal
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Down the road, an investigation to the spectral achieve curve of Yb:KGW in the main amplifier are going to be done beneath cryogenic temperature evolution from 77 K to three hundred K. The Doing the job temperature is going to be managed to appreciate broader gain bandwidth and less change for the central wavelength of the principle amplifier.
The pink-shifted part of the SC is of simple great importance, specifically for what worries the effectiveness of broadly tunable optical parametric amplifiers pumped by the basic harmonics of Yb lasers. The dearth of seed photons inside the long-wavelength location of your SC spectrum boundaries the amplification efficiency and brings about pulse-to-pulse Strength fluctuations round the degeneracy area from the optical parametric amplifier. This part is quantified in Fig. 6a by plotting the SC spectra regarding spectral energy density, which was believed by measuring the Strength in the axial A part of SC radiation (which happens to be the one practically valuable A part of SC emission). KGW crystal makes the best spectral Vitality density in the 1200�?450 nm array, as mentioned in a very current study30.
-switched manner. The bandwidth from the orthogonal orientation was Plainly A great deal broader. The calculated Fourier completely transform minimal pulse length was as quick as sub-160 fs. Underneath the configuration where by the two crystals had been put in the identical orientation, Together with the seed input, the amplified pulse bandwidth was only 3 nm with one hundred eighty μJ Strength when it broke the dichroic mirrors.
Amplified pulses having an Power earlier mentioned two.five mJ is often anticipated by implementing a greater pump energy on the regenerative amplifier and rendering it operate at the saturation amount. The laser fluence of ~one J/cm2 to the dichroic mirrors is thought to generally be beneath the harm threshold of superior-high-quality dielectric-coated mirrors.
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Lastly, we investigated the extended-expression performances of SC generation in crystal samples underneath optimal pumping problems at better laser repetition premiums. In doing this, the crystal samples were not translated and retained inside a stationary situation with regard for the pump beam during the complete measurement. The illustrations illustrating strong lengthy-term performances of SC generation in KGW and YAG crystals at large laser repetition prices could be discovered in other places. Additional especially, secure efficiency of KGW crystal at two MHz pulse repetition price below really related pump beam focusing geometry was described recently30, While YAG crystal demonstrated stable general performance for various hrs at two hundred kHz pulse repetition level Despite extremely restricted concentrating from the pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The lengthy-expression efficiency exams in LSO, LYSO and YSO discovered gradual narrowing from the SC spectra over the extensive-wavelength aspect that occurred just after a specific exposure time and could be attributed on the optical degradation of such resources. For illustration, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was observed immediately after (sim 20) minutes in a laser repetition fee of ten kHz, though in a laser repetition level of twenty kHz, steady SC technology effectiveness was noticed just for roughly two min.
We prepare to boost the pulse Strength to earlier mentioned forty mJ in two-stage multi-pass amplifiers, akin to a obtain factor of twenty. In Each and every amplifier, we may even undertake two cascaded crystals positioned beneath orthogonal orientation to decrease the thermal website load on Each and every crystal and compensate to the attain-narrowing outcome.
The brink Vitality for SC technology (hbox E _ textrm th ) was described as being the pump pulse Electrical power, the place the blue-shifted spectral broadening immediately settles to a specific Slash-off wavelength that remains Nearly consistent Despite further enhance in the pump pulse Electricity. The ideal energy (hbox E _textrm decide ), was defined since the pump pulse energy, which produces the most important red-shifted spectral broadening ahead of the onset of periodic modulation inside the SC spectrum as a consequence of filament refocusing.
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Due to the fact its discovery in 19701,2, the point out from the artwork of supercontinuum (SC) generation in bulk stable-state products has attained a superior amount of maturity thanks to remarkable progress of ultrafast laser sources and essential knowledge of the fundamental physical processes3,four. The complexity of physical results fundamental SC generation is unveiled while in the framework of femtosecond filamentation, which is a universal phenomenon arising from nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in clear materials5. In additional realistic conditions, the attainable spectral extent of SC radiation is determined by the fabric properties, including linear and nonlinear indexes of refraction and Electricity bandgap, which together with the laser wavelength define the essential ability for self-focusing (which has to generally be exceeded for a light-weight filament to sort) and clamping depth of a lightweight filament (that is proportional on the get of multiphoton absorption), respectively.
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An example of this kind of conduct is demonstrated in Fig. 7a. The character of spectral changes is highlighted in Fig. 7d, which demonstrates how the SC spectrum about the very long-wavelength aspect shrinks substantially, from 1800 nm to 1450 nm, just immediately after 8 minutes of publicity time in a stationary sample. LT crystal shown fairly much better extended-phrase effectiveness: at pulse repetition premiums of as many as a hundred kHz no narrowing on both aspect in the SC spectrum was detected. Nevertheless, swift narrowing in the SC spectrum in LT crystal was observed after the initial five minutes of Procedure when the heartbeat repetition amount was set at 200 kHz (info not demonstrated). In contrast to the above materials, BGO and GGG shown outstanding SC technology performances with no spectral variations in a pulse repetition fee of two hundred kHz, as attested by the point series of SC spectra in BGO and GGG, proven in Fig. 7b and c, respectively. Determine 7e and file outline similar styles of SC spectra at first and at the end of 1 hour-Long lasting measurement in both equally elements.